summer n : the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox; "they spent a lazy summer at the shore" [syn: summertime] v : spend the summer; "We summered in Kashmir"

see Summer

English

Pronunciation

• a UK: /ˈsʌmə/, /"sVm@/
• a US: , /ˈsʌmɚ/, /"sVm@`/
• Rhymes with: -ʌmə(r)

Etymology 1

sumor

Noun

1. One of four seasons, traditionally the second, marked by the longest and typically hottest days of the year due to the inclination of the Earth. Typically regarded as being from June 21 to September 20 in the Northern Hemisphere and from December 21 to March 20 in the Southern Hemisphere.

   the heat of summer

Antonyms

• winter

Derived terms

• aftersummer
• All-Hallown Summer
• dog days of summer
• go-summer
• Great Summer Army
• have but a mile to midsummer
• high summer
• Hutchinson's summer prurigo, summer prurigo of Hutchinson
• Indian summer
• little summer of St Luke
• Martinmas summer
• midsummer
• net summer capability
• nuclear summer
• old wives' summer
• polar mesospheric summer echoes
• Red Summer
• Revolution Summer
• Russian spring-summer encephalitis
• Saint Luke's little summer, Saint Luke's summer, St Luke's little summer, St Luke's summer
• Saint Martin's summer, St Martin's summer
• snow-in-summer
• summer-ale
• summer and winter
• summer annual
• Summer Archbishop's Palace, Summer Archiepiscopal Palace
• summer associate
• summer asthma
• summer-barm
• summer bird
• summer bleeding
• summer-blink
• summer boarder
• summer break
• summer-broach
• summer camp
• summer capital
• summer catarrh
• summercater
• summer cholera
• summer-cloud
• Summer Coast
• summer cock
• summer cohosh
• summer cold
• summer colony
• summer colt, summer-colt
• summer complaint
• Summercon
• summer coot
• summer cottage
• summer country
• summer crookneck
• summer cypress
• summer damask rose
• summer-day
• summer diarrhea, summer diarrhoea
• summer-dream
• summer duck
• summer-eat
• summer eggs
• summer encephalitis
• summer fallow, summer-fallow
• summer-fallowing
• Summerfest
• summer fever
• summer-field
• summer finch
• summer floor
• summer flounder
• summer-fold
• summer fool
• summer fruit tortrix moth
• summerful
• summer-game
• Summer Games
• Summer Garden
• summer-gauze, summer-goose
• summer grape
• summer grass
• summer hall
• summer haw
• summerhead
• summer-heat
• summer hemp
• summer-herring
• summer hit
• summer holiday
• summer holidays
• summer house, summer-house, summerhouse
• summer-hutch
• summer hyacinth

• summerish
• summerise, summerize
• Summer Isles
• summer itch
• summer kill
• summer kitchen
• summer lady
• Summerland
• summer-land, summerland
• summerlay
• summer lea-land
• summer learning loss
• summer-lease
• summer-leding
• summerless
• summer lightning
• summer-like, summerlike

• summerling
• summer-long, summerlong
• summer-lord
• summerly
• summer master
• summer mastitis
• summer meal
• summer migrant
• summer monsoon
• summer number
• Summer of Hate
• Summer of Love
• Summer of Three Popes
• Summer of Worms
• Summer Olympic Games
• summer-ova
• Summer Palace
• Summer Paralympics
• summer parlour
• summer pole
• summer pruning
• summer prurigo
• summer pudding
• summer queen, summer's queen
• summer queening
• summer range
• summer rape
• summer rash
• summer reading program
• summer red-bird, summer redbird
• summer redcap
• summer resort
• summer-ripe
• summer road
• summer roll
• summer-room
• summer rose
• summer rules
• summer-run fish
• summers
• summer sale

• summer sausage
• summer savory
• summer's bird
• summer school
• summer's cloud
• summer's day
• summer season
• summer-seeming
• summer services

• summer sheldrake
• summer slide
• summer smog
• summer snake
• summer snipe
• summer snowflake
• summer-sob
• summer solstice
• summer sores
• summer spore
• summer spot
• summer squash, summer squash vine
• summer's tide
• summer's time
• summer-stirring
• summer stock
• summer sweet, summer-sweet
• summer tanager
• summer teal
• summer term
• summer theater, summer theatre
• summer-tide, summertide
• summer-tilth
• summer time
• summer-time, summertime
• summer top
• summer tree
• the Summer Triangle
• summer tulip
• summer vacation
• summer village
• summer visitor
• summerward, summerwards
• summer warbler
• summer-weight
• summer wheat
• summer-whiting
• summer wood, summerwood
• summer-work
• summer-worm
• summery
• summer-yellow
• summer yellowbird
• unsummered
• winter and summer
• the Year Without a Summer

Translations

Verb

1. To spend the summer, as in a particular place on holiday.

   We like to summer in the Mediterranean.

Derived terms

• summer and winter
• summered
• summering
• summering
• summer over

Translations

See also

• æstival, aestival, estival

Etymology 2

Noun

1. A horizontal beam supporting a building.

Synonyms

• italbrac horizontal beam: summer-tree

Derived terms

• breastsommer, breastsummer, bressomer, bressumer, bressummer, brestsummer
• summer bar
• summer-beam
• summer-castle
• summering
• summer-piece
• summer-stone
• summer-tower
• summer-tree, summertree
• summer-trestle
• transsummer

Etymology 3

sum + -er

Noun

1. A person who sums.

Derived terms

• summer-up

Summer is one of the four temperate seasons. Summer marks the warmest time of year with the longest days.

Dates

Summer begins on June 20th in 2008 in Humber Summit Middle School. The seasons are considered by some Western countries to start at the equinoxes and solstices, based on astronomical reckoning. In North American-printed English-language calendars, based on astronomy, summer begins on June 20, the day of the summer solstice and ends on September 20, the autumn equinox. When it is summer in the Northern Hemisphere, it is winter in the Southern Hemisphere, and vice versa.

In Ireland, summer begins on 1 May and ends 31 July, by the Irish calendar.

But, because the seasonal lag is less than 1/10th of a year (except near large bodies of water), the meteorological start of the season, which is based on average temperature patterns, precedes by about three weeks the start of the astronomical season. According to meteorology, summer is the whole months of December, January, and February in the Southern Hemisphere, and the whole months of June, July, and August in the Northern Hemisphere. This meteorological definition of summer also aligns with commonly viewed notion of summer as the season with the longest (and warmest) days of the year, in which the daylight predominates, through varying degrees. The use of astronomical beginning of the seasons means that spring and summer have an almost equal pattern of the length of the days, with spring lengthening from the equinox to the solstice and summer shortening from the solstice to the equinox, while meteorological summer encompasses the build up to the longest day and decline thereafter, so that summer has many more hours of daylight than spring.

Today, the meteorological reckoning of the seasons is used in Australia, Denmark, the former USSR and by many people in the United Kingdom, but the astronomical definition is still more frequently used in the United States.

In general, seasonal changes occur later in coastal regions, so countries close to the oceans summer to start later (with the exception of Ireland) than inland ones. Elsewhere, however, the solstices and the equinoxes are taken to mark the mid-points, not the beginnings, of the seasons. In Chinese astronomy, for example, summer starts on or around May 5, with the jiéqì (solar term) known as Lixia (立夏), i.e. "establishment of summer", and it ends on or around August 6. An example of Western usage would be William Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream, where the play takes place over the shortest night of the year, which is the summer solstice. In southern and southeast Asia where the monsoon occurs, summer is more generally defined as March to May or early June, their warmest time of the year, ending with the onset of the monsoon rains.

Effects

In most countries children are out of school during this time of year for summer holidays, although dates vary. Some begin as early as mid-May, although in England, from the ages of 5-18, school ends in the middle of July. In the Southern Hemisphere, school holiday dates include the major holidays of Christmas and New Year's Day. Summer school holidays in Australia begin a few days before Christmas and end in late January to mid-February, with the dates varying in different states.

Summer is an important season for the social agenda of individuals. Generally, the summer season in most regions of the world has an evident increase in tourism. Outdoor activity is also a hobby, taken by many people during this season, due to the favorable conditions. Leisure tasks are also associated with summer, due to the number of people on vacation.

Gallery

References

nah:Xōpan

aestival, arctic, autumn, autumnal, boreal, broiling sun, brumal, buy time, canicular, canicular days, consume time, dog days, equinoctial, fair weather, good old summertime, growing season, heat wave, hibernal, hiemal, high summer, hot wave, hot weather, humid weather, keep time, kill time, look for time, measure time, midday sun, midsummer, midwinter, muggy weather, occupy time, out of season, pass time, put in time, race against time, seasonal, solstitial, spend time, spring, springlike, stuffy weather, sultry weather, summerlike, summerly, summertide, summertime, summery, sunshiny weather, take time, take up time, use time, vernal, vertical rays, warm weather, weekend, winter, winterlike, wintery, wintry, work against time